2022年9月英语六级(第1套)听力真题 短文2

Passage two

短文2

Everyone is supposed to cheer for good guys, and we should only punish the bad guys.

每个人都应该为好人加油，而我们只应该惩罚坏人。

But that's not what we always do.

但这不是我们经常做的。

Most of the time, we do indeed reward good people.

大多数时候，我们确实会奖励好人。

We also often punish people who harm others, or who aren't good team players.

我们还经常惩罚那些伤害他人或不善于团队合作的人。

But sometimes the good guys also get punished or criticized specifically because they are so good.

但有时好人也会受到惩罚或批评，因为他们太好了。

This seems baffling because it's detrimental to group cooperation.

这似乎令人困惑，因为这不利于团队合作。

However, the phenomenon has been discovered in multiple fields, and it has been found in every society.

然而，这一现象已经在多个领域被发现，并且在每个社会都有发现。

Why does this happen?

为什么会发生这种情况？

Research suggests a simple reason.

研究表明了一个简单的原因。

When one person looks really good, others look bad by comparison.

当一个人看起来很好的时候，相比之下，其他人看起来很糟糕。

Those others then have an incentive in stopping that person from looking good,

其他人则有动机阻止那个人看起来很好，

especially if they can't or won't compete.

尤其是如果他们不能或不会竞争。

After all, we're all judged in comparison with others.

毕竟，我们都是通过与他人的比较来判断的。

When faced with someone better, what can a normal person do?

当面对更好的人时，一个正常人能做什么？

One option is to actively compete.

一种选择是积极竞争。

A second option is to bring that person down.

第二个选择是把那个人更好的人拉下水。

That is to suppress their cooperation or work ethic, and first selfish motives for their actions, or implied real or imagined hypocrisy.

这是为了压制他们的合作或职业道德，以及他们行为的自私动机，或暗示真实或想象中的虚伪。

Other tactics include attacking them on unrelated dimensions or punishing them outright.

其他策略包括在不相关的方面对他们进行攻击或直接惩罚他们。

Why does this matter? Critics often attack the motives of people who protect the environment, donate money, or work too hard.

为什么这很重要？批评者经常抨击那些保护环境、捐款或工作过度的人的动机。

Such good deeds are dismissed as naive or hypocritical by those who do not perform those deeds.

这些善行被那些不做善事的人视为天真或虚伪。

This criticism may ultimately discourage people from doing good deeds so it's important to recognize these attacks for what they are.

这种批评可能最终会阻止人们做好事，因此认识到这些攻击的本质是很重要的。

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题12至15基于你刚刚听到的文章。

Question 12 What baffling phenomenonjis discussed in the passage?

问题12文章中讨论了什么令人困惑的现象？

Question 13 How are we all judged according to the passage?

问题13根据短文，我们是如何判断的？

Question 14 What can a normal person do when faced with people who perform better?

问题14当面对表现更好的人时，正常人能做什么？

Question 15 What may discourage people from performing good deeds?

问题15什么会阻止人们做好事？

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