2022年9月英语四级听力真题(第一套) 短文1

Passage one

短文一

In social psychology, the term person perception refers to the mental processes that we use to form impressions of other people.

在社会心理学中，对人的感知是指我们用来形成对他人印象的心理过程。

It includes not just how we form these impressions, but the conclusions we make about other people based on our impressions.

它不仅包括我们如何形成这些印象，还包括我们根据自己的印象对他人做出的结论。

Consider how often you make this kind of judgment every day.

想想你每天做出这种判断的频率。

When you meet with a new coworker, you immediately begin to develop an initial impression of this person.

当你遇到一个新同事时，你会立即对这个人产生初步印象。

When you visit the grocery store, you might draw conclusions about the cashier who checks you out.

当你参观杂货店时，你可能会对结账的收银员得出结论。

Obviously, person perception is a very subjective process that can be affected by a number of variables,

显然，对人的感知是一个非常主观的过程，它会受到许多变量的影响，

including the characteristics of the person you're observing, the context of the situation, your own personal traits and your past experiences.

包括你正在观察的人的特征、局面的背景、你自己的个人特征和过去的经历。

One of the techniques we use in person perception is social categorization.

我们在对人的感知中使用的技术之一是社会分类。

In this process, we mentally categorize people into different groups based on common characteristics.

在这个过程中，我们根据共同的特征，在心理上将人们分为不同的群体。

Problems with this technique include the fact that it can lead to errors and prejudice.

这种技术的问题包括它可能导致错误和偏见。

Imagine that you are getting on the bus.

想象一下你正在上车。

There are only two seats available.

只有两个座位。

One is next to a small elderly woman, the other is next to a muscular, fierce looking man.

一个紧挨着一位身材矮小的老年妇女，另一个紧靠着一位肌肉发达、长相凶猛的男子。

You sit next to the elderly woman who unfortunately turns out to be quite skilled at picking pockets.

你坐在一位年迈的女士旁边，不幸的是，她很会掏口袋。

Because of social categorization, you will immediately judge the woman as harmless and the man as threatening, leading to the loss of your wallet.

由于社会分类的原因，你会立即判断女人是无害的，男人是有威胁的，从而导致钱包丢失。

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题16至18基于你刚刚听到的短文。

Question 16 What does the passage say we tend to do every day?

问题16：文章中说我们每天倾向于做什么？

Question 17 What do we learn about person perception from this passage?

问题17：我们从这篇文章中了解到了什么关于对人的感知？

Question 18 What is the problem with using social categorization and person perception.

问题18 使用社会分类和对人的感知有什么问题。

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