高考阅读理解： 2025年高考英语试卷（北京）阅读理解 D

文章大意

本文围绕“自我认知”展开，讲述了心理学家对身份认同的观点演变，重点介绍Bob Johnson提出的人生故事模型，阐述其与身份认同、幸福感的关系，还提及Lisa Green对改变人生故事应谨慎的观点，最后给出改变人生故事的建议，鼓励人们成为自己命运的书写者。

逐段讲解

1. 第一段
   • 原文：The call to “know yourself” has been there since ancient times, but our sense of self doesn’t always match what others perceive. Considering the stories we tell about ourselves can help us to change our minds for better.
   • 翻译：“认识你自己”的呼吁自古就有，但我们对自己的认知并不总是与他人的看法一致。思考我们讲述的关于自己的故事，有助于我们更好地改变想法。
   • 短语：“since ancient times” 自古以来；“match what others perceive” 与他人感知的相匹配；“change our minds” 改变我们的想法
   • 高考单词：perceive v. 察觉；理解；感知 ；consider v. 考虑；认为
   • 语法：“what others perceive” 是宾语从句，作 “match” 的宾语；“Considering the stories...” 动名词短语作主语，表示 “思考……这件事”。
2. 第二段
   • 原文：For many years, psychologists saw identity as a combination of someone’s values, beliefs, goals and social roles. Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in which he proposes that, as we go through life, these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we understand our lives.
   • 翻译：多年来，心理学家将身份认同视为一个人价值观、信仰、目标和社会角色的结合体。然后，在20世纪80年代，鲍勃·约翰逊创建了身份认同的人生故事模型，在这个模型中，他提出，随着我们经历人生，这些核心特征与我们的记忆融合，创造出一个个人故事，通过这个故事我们理解自己的生活。
   • 短语：“saw...as” 把……看作；“a combination of”……的结合体；“go through” 经历；“built in with” 与……融合
   • 高考单词：psychologist n. 心理学家 ；identity n. 身份；认同 ；combination n. 结合；组合 ；propose v. 提议；提出；求婚
   • 语法：“in which...” 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰 “the life story model of identity”；“that, as we go through life, these core features...” 是宾语从句，作 “proposes” 的宾语，其中 “as we go through life” 是时间状语从句；“through which we understand our lives” 是定语从句，修饰 “a personal story”。
3. 第三段
   • 原文：Our life story is something that starts coming together in our teenage years, when we begin to organise our lives into chapters around key events or life changes, and begin to see ourselves as both the central character and, to a varying extent, the story’s author. People with more consistent stories tend to have a stronger sense of identity, and they feel their life has more meaning, direction and sense of purpose. Such people show greater overall life satisfaction, too.
   • 翻译：我们的人生故事在青少年时期开始成型，那时我们开始围绕关键事件或生活变化将我们的生活组织成不同的章节，并开始将自己视为故事的核心人物，在不同程度上，也视为故事的作者。拥有更连贯故事的人往往有更强的身份认同感，并且他们觉得自己的生活更有意义、方向和目标感。这样的人总体生活满意度也更高。
   • 短语：“come together” 成型；“organise... into” 把……组织成；“to a varying extent” 在不同程度上；“tend to” 往往；倾向于；“a sense of”……感
   • 高考单词：teenage adj. 青少年的 ；consistent adj. 一致的；连贯的 ；extent n. 程度；范围
   • 语法：“that starts coming together...” 是定语从句，修饰 “something”；“when we begin to...” 是定语从句，修饰 “teenage years”。
4. 第四段
   • 原文：Johnson has also investigated the link between well - being and certain story themes. He discovered that whether someone describes having had some control over events in their past is an important predictor of a person’s mental health. Another key theme involves finding some kind of positive meaning after stressful events. “People could talk about gaining knowledge or personal growth,” says Johnson. His research shows that this is often missing for people with mental health conditions. The good news is that there is evidence we can learn to change our own story.
   • 翻译：约翰逊还研究了幸福感与某些故事主题之间的联系。他发现一个人是否描述自己对过去的事件有一定的掌控力，是一个人心理健康的重要预测指标。另一个关键主题是在压力事件后找到某种积极的意义。约翰逊说：“人们可以谈论获得知识或个人成长。”他的研究表明，对于有心理健康问题的人来说，这一点往往缺失。好消息是，有证据表明我们可以学会改变自己的故事。
   • 短语：“investigate the link between...and...” 研究……和……之间的联系；“have control over” 对……有控制；“involve doing” 涉及做某事
   • 高考单词：investigate v. 调查；研究 ；well - being n. 幸福；福祉 ；predictor n. 预测指标；预报器 ；mental adj. 精神的；心理的
   • 语法：“that whether someone describes...” 是宾语从句，作 “discovered” 的宾语，其中 “whether someone describes...” 是主语从句；“that this is often missing...” 是宾语从句，作 “shows” 的宾语；“that there is evidence...” 是表语从句，“we can learn to change our own story” 是同位语从句，解释说明 “evidence”。
5. 第五段
   • 原文：Lisa Green, another researcher, sounds a few notes of caution (谨慎). For instance, hearing about the power of redemptive (拯救性) stories, many people may feel forced to find a positive angle on horrible events. She says that Western culture already pushes people to look for the silver lining behind every cloud.
   • 翻译：另一位研究人员丽莎·格林敲响了几声警钟。例如，听说了救赎性故事的力量后，许多人可能会觉得被迫要从可怕的事件中找到积极的一面。她说西方文化已经促使人们在每一片乌云背后寻找一线希望。
   • 短语：“sound a few notes of caution” 敲响几声警钟；“hear about” 听说；“feel forced to” 感觉被迫做某事；“look for the silver lining behind every cloud” 在每片乌云背后寻找一线希望（喻指在困境中寻找积极的一面）
   • 高考单词：caution n. 谨慎；警告 ；horrible adj. 可怕的；极坏的
   • 语法：“hearing about the power of redemptive stories” 是现在分词短语作时间状语；“that Western culture already pushes...” 是宾语从句，作 “says” 的宾语。
6. 第六段
   • 原文：If you want to turn over a new leaf, though, one top tip is that it helps to choose a significant date that signals the start of a new “chapter”. Contrary to popular doubt, resolutions made on 1 January are more effective for this reason. So, whether your goal is saving money or getting fit, there is no better time to become the author of our own destiny (命运).
   • 翻译：不过，如果你想翻开新的一页，一个重要的建议是选择一个重要的日子，这个日子标志着新 “篇章” 的开始。与普遍的怀疑相反，出于这个原因，1月1日做出的决心更有效。所以，无论你的目标是省钱还是健身，没有比现在更好的时机成为自己命运的作者了。
   • 短语：“turn over a new leaf” 翻开新的一页；重新开始 ；“contrary to” 与……相反；“made on 1 January” 过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 “resolutions”；“whether...or...” 无论……还是……
   • 高考单词：significant adj. 重要的；有意义的 ；signal v. 标志；示意 n. 信号 ；resolution n. 决心；决议
   • 语法：“If you want to turn over a new leaf” 是条件状语从句；“that it helps to choose...” 是表语从句；“that signals the start of a new ‘chapter’” 是定语从句，修饰 “a significant date”；“whether your goal is saving money or getting fit” 是让步状语从句。

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