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2025年高考英文真题(新课标Ⅰ)阅读理解 C

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文章大意

本文围绕城市街道现状及相关问题展开讨论。近年来街道安全虽有改善,但行人流动性下降,许多家长因交通问题开车送孩子上学。荷兰作者呼吁重新思考街道及其在生活中的作用。几十年前,城市街道为满足汽车需求重新设计,导致邻里社区被破坏,孩子活动空间受限,虽有抵制运动,但多数西方城市仍以汽车需求为主导。如今汽车数量激增,人们在道路建设上投入巨大,却未考虑其带来的真实代价,文章强调是时候重新审视家门口的街道了。

各段详细讲解

第一段

  • 原文:While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there's too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead.
  • 翻译:尽管近年来我们的街道可能在安全方面有所改善,但交通研究也表明行人的流动性有所下降,尤其是在年幼的孩子当中。许多家长表示,道路上交通流量太大,他们的孩子无法安全步行上学,所以他们选择开车送孩子。
  • 短语
    • “pack... into...” 意为“把……装进/塞进……”,这里指把孩子塞进车里,即开车送孩子。
  • 高考英语单词
    • “pedestrian” 行人,名词,在阅读理解中常出现,需要牢记。
    • “mobility” 流动性,名词,由形容词 “mobile”(可移动的;活动的)变形而来,注意词汇之间的词性转换。
    • “decline” 下降,衰退,既可用作动词也可用作名词,文中是名词用法。
  • 语法:“While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years” 这是一个 while 引导的让步状语从句,while 在这里表示“尽管”,引导的从句用了现在完成时的被动语态 “might have been made”,表示对过去发生的事情的推测,且与主语 “safety improvements” 构成被动关系,即“街道的安全改善可能已经被做出”。

第二段

  • 原文:Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives.
  • 翻译:荷兰作家塔莉娅·韦尔卡德(Thalia Verkade)和马尔科·特·布罗梅尔斯托特(Marco te Brömmelstroet)对这样的事实感到困扰。在他们的新书《运动:如何夺回我们的街道并改变我们的生活》中,他们呼吁重新思考我们的街道以及街道在我们生活中所扮演的角色。
  • 短语
    • “be bothered by” 被……困扰,是一个常用的被动结构短语,体现了作者对于前文所提现象的态度。
    • “call for” 呼吁,要求,在写作中可用于表达倡导某种行为或观点。
  • 高考英语单词
    • “bother” 使烦恼,打扰,动词,常见用法有 “bother sb. with/about sth.” 因某事打扰某人。
    • “rethink” 重新思考,动词,前缀 “re -” 表示“再,重新”,类似的词还有 “rebuild”(重建)、“reuse”(再利用)等。
  • 语法:“they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives” 中 “they play in our lives” 是一个省略了关系代词 “that/which” 的定语从句,修饰先行词 “the role”,在从句中 “play the role” 是固定搭配,意为“扮演角色”,因关系代词在从句中作宾语,所以可以省略。

第三段

  • 原文:Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion "New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through." Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.
  • 翻译:几十年前,城市街道上的生活开始发生变化。整个社区被拆除,为新的道路网络让路,孩子们不得不去其他地方玩耍。一些社区进行了反击。最著名的是,一位在20世纪50年代初将家人搬到曼哈顿的加拿大记者发起了一场运动,以阻止当地公园被破坏。简·雅各布斯(Jane Jacobs)描述了她对提议用高速公路取代公园的震惊,并呼吁市长倡导“纽约是一个适宜居住的地方,而不仅仅是匆匆路过的地方”。类似的运动在20世纪60年代末和70年代末的澳大利亚也出现了。
  • 短语
    • “make way for” 为……让路,常指为了新事物的发展,旧事物做出让步,如文中社区为道路网络让步。
    • “fight back” 反击,抵抗,强调对某种不利情况做出回应。
    • “call on sb. to do sth.” 呼吁某人做某事,是表达观点、发起倡议的常用短语。
  • 高考英语单词
    • “neighbourhood” 街区,社区,名词,注意英式英语和美式英语的拼写差异,美式英语为 “neighborhood”。
    • “campaign” 运动,活动,名词,常见搭配有 “launch a campaign”(发起一场运动)。
    • “proposed” 被提议的,形容词,动词原形为 “propose”,常见用法有 “propose sth.”(提议某事)、“propose to do sth.”(打算做某事)。
    • “decent” 适宜的,得体的,形容词,如 “a decent job”(一份体面的工作)。
  • 语法
    • “Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks” 使用了一般过去时的被动语态 “were destroyed”,表示过去发生的被动动作,即社区在过去被拆除。“to make way for new road networks” 是动词不定式作目的状语,说明拆除社区的目的。
    • “a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park” 中 “who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s” 是一个定语从句,修饰先行词 “journalist”,关系代词 “who” 在从句中作主语,从句使用了过去完成时 “had moved”,表示在过去的过去发生的动作,即这位记者在发起运动(过去动作)之前就已经把家人搬到曼哈顿了。“to stop the destruction of her local park” 是动词不定式作目的状语,说明发起运动的目的。

第四段

  • 原文:Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty - six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world.
  • 翻译:尽管这些运动很广泛,但现实是大多数西方城市完全围绕着汽车的需求重新进行了设计。道路上汽车的数量一直在迅速增加。在澳大利亚,我们现在仅有两千六百万多人口,却拥有超过两千万辆汽车,是世界上汽车拥有率最高的国家之一。
  • 短语
    • “the majority of” 大多数,后跟可数名词复数或不可数名词,类似表达还有 “most of”。
    • “around the needs of...” 围绕……的需求,介词短语,表明设计的方向或依据。
  • 高考英语单词
    • “widespread” 广泛的,普遍的,形容词,构词法为 “wide”(广泛的) + “spread”(传播),可在写作中用于描述某种现象分布广泛。
    • “motor” 发动机,马达,汽车,名词,“motor car” 即汽车。
    • “ownership” 所有权,名词,由动词 “own”(拥有) + 名词后缀 “ - ship” 构成,类似的词还有 “friendship”(友谊)、“membership”(会员资格)等。
  • 语法
    • “Although these campaigns were widespread” 是 although 引导的让步状语从句,although 表示“尽管”,引导的从句不能与 but 连用,但可与 yet/still 连用。
    • “the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car” 中 “that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car” 是一个表语从句,放在系动词 “is” 后,说明主语 “the reality” 的具体内容。从句使用了一般过去时的被动语态 “were redesigned”,表示过去发生的被动动作,即城市过去被重新设计。
    • “The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly” 使用了现在完成进行时 “has been increasing”,表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作,并且还可能继续下去,即道路上汽车数量从过去到现在一直在快速增加且可能还会增加。

第五段

  • 原文:We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can't move safely around our communities? The authors of Movement have it right: it's time to think differently about that street outside your front door.
  • 翻译:我们在道路上投入了大量资金,这些道路帮助我们快速通行,但我们却没有考虑到真正的代价。当孩子们不能在我们的社区安全活动时,我们真的认识到作为一个社会这让我们付出了什么代价吗?《运动》一书的作者说得对:是时候以不同的方式思考你家前门外面的那条街道了。
  • 短语
    • “invest in” 投资于……,这里指在道路建设方面投入资金。
    • “rush through” 快速通过,文中指人们借助道路快速通行。
    • “fail to do sth.” 未能做某事,表达没有做成某事的情况。
    • “account for” 考虑,解释,说明(原因等),在文中表示考虑道路建设带来的真实代价。
  • 高考英语单词
    • “invest” 投资,动词,常见搭配 “invest in sth.” 投资某物,“invest sb. with sth.” 赋予某人某物(权力等)。
    • “recognise” 认识到,认出,动词,在英式英语中也可写作 “recognize”,注意拼写。
  • 语法
    • “We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through” 中 “that help us rush through” 是一个定语从句,修饰先行词 “roads”,关系代词 “that” 在从句中作主语,指代 “roads”,说明道路所起的作用。
    • “Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can't move safely around our communities?” 这是一个一般疑问句,其中 “what it costs us as a society when children can't move safely around our communities” 是一个宾语从句,作 “recognise” 的宾语。在这个宾语从句中,“when children can't move safely around our communities” 是一个时间状语从句,说明 “it costs us as a society”(作为一个社会这让我们付出代价)的时间背景。
    • “it's time to think differently about that street outside your front door” 是一个常用句型 “it's time to do sth.”,表示“是时候做某事了”,提醒人们应该采取行动。

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