2024年12月英语六级听力真题 卷一录音1

Recording One

录音一

All societies are held together by 7 universal moral rules, which include deferring to superiors and respecting the property of others, Oxford University has concluded.

所有社会都由7条普遍的道德规则维系，这些规则包括尊重上级和尊重他人的财产，牛津大学得出结论。

Although many cultures are moving towards more liberal, less hierarchical organizations, the new research suggests that traditional power structures and basic values of charity and brotherhood are the cornerstones of successful societies.

尽管许多文化正在向更加自由、层级更少的组织结构发展，但新的研究表明，传统的权力结构以及慈善和兄弟情谊的基本价值观是成功社会的基石。

The huge study of 60 different cultures around the world found that all communities operate under seven basic moral codes.

这项涉及全球60种不同文化的大规模研究发现，所有社区都遵循着七种基本的道德准则。

Those universal rules are: help your family, help your group, return favours, be brave, defer to superiors, divide resources fairly and respect the property of others.

那些普遍规则是：帮助你的家人，帮助你的团队，回报恩惠，勇敢，尊重上级，公平分配资源，并尊重他人的财产。

The character traits held for every kind of community, be they traditional hunter gatherers or advanced civilizations, helping to uphold civilized society and foster social cooperation,researchers found.

研究人员发现，无论是传统的狩猎采集者还是先进的文明社会，每种社区都持有某些性格特征，这些特征有助于维护文明社会并促进社会合作。

"Everyone, everywhere, shares a common moral code," said Dr. Oliver Scott Curry, lead author and senior researcher at Oxford.

奥利弗·斯科特·柯里博士，牛津大学的首席作者和高级研究员说：“每个人，无论身处何地，都共享一套共同的道德准则。”

These 7 moral rules appear to be universal across cultures because people face the same social problems.

这7条道德规则似乎在各种文化中都是普遍存在的，因为人们面临着相同的社会问题。

Even if some of these traits look right wing or conservative, for example, deferring to authority, left wing people will still have a group loyalty and deference to someone or something.

即使其中一些特征看起来是右翼或保守的，例如，顺从权威，左翼人士仍然会有群体忠诚和对某人或某事的顺从。

This shows there really is more that unites us than divides us.

这表明，真正将我们团结在一起的，比将我们分开的要多。

The study, published in Current Anthropology, is the largest and most comprehensive and widespread survey of morals ever conducted and aimed to find out whether different societies had different versions of morality.

该研究发表在《当代人类学》上，是迄今为止最大规模、最全面、最广泛的一次道德调查，旨在了解不同社会是否拥有不同的道德版本。

The team accessed the world's best archives to analyze accounts from more than 600 sources of 60 societies around the world.

该团队访问了世界上最优秀的档案库，分析了来自全球60个社会的600多个来源的账户。

They found that the 7 rules were considered morally good in all societies and were observed across all continents, religions, and politics.

他们发现这7条规则在所有社会中都被认为是道德上好的，并且在所有大洲、宗教和政治中都得到了遵守。

However, some communities valued certain rules more highly than others. Dr. Curry hopes that this research helps to promote mutual understanding between people of different cultures and appreciation of what we have in common and how and why we differ.

然而，一些社区比其他社区更重视某些规则。Curry博士希望这项研究有助于促进不同文化的人们之间的相互理解，并欣赏我们共同拥有的东西以及我们如何以及为何不同。

Co author, Professor Harvey Loinbo, said social scientists should now set about testing the theory in the field rather than relying on old data.

共同作者，哈维·洛因博教授说，社会科学家现在应该开始在实地测试这一理论，而不是依赖旧数据。

"This study was based on historical descriptions of cultures around the world," he said.

“这项研究是基于对世界各地文化的史书记述，”他说。

"These descriptions were made independent of, and prior to, the theory we're testing."

“这些描述是在我们正在测试的理论之外，并且在之前独立完成的。”

In the future, if social scientists are serious about testing theories of morality, they will need to gather new data more systematically out in the field.

在未来，如果社会科学家真的想要测试道德理论，他们将需要更加系统地在实地收集新的数据。

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.

问题16到18是基于你刚才听到的录音。

Q16. What do we learn from the conclusion of the Oxford University researchers?

问题16. 我们从牛津大学研究人员的结论中学到了什么？

Q17. What did the new study by Oxford researchers aim to do?

问题17. 牛津研究人员的新研究旨在做什么？

Q18. What does Harvey Loinbo think social scientists should do to test theories of morality?

问题18. 哈维·洛因博认为社会科学家应该如何测试道德理论？

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