2022年12月英语六级听力真题第一套 短文1

Passage 1

短文1

Stress is often depicted as negative, but research shows that moderate amounts of it can be beneficial for your brain and your body.

压力通常被描述为负面的，但研究表明，适量的压力对大脑和身体都有好处。

First, the benefits for the brain.

首先，对大脑的益处。

Studies have shown that short periods of stress can actually bolster cognitive functioning.

研究表明，短时间的压力实际上可以增强认知功能。

Researchers discovered that placing rats in a stressful situation for just a few hours doubled the growth of new brain cells.

研究人员发现，将大鼠置于压力环境中仅仅几个小时，新脑细胞的生长就会翻倍。

The rats also did better on a memory test later on.

后来，老鼠在记忆测试中也表现得更好。

Scientists think the same thing happens in humans.

科学家认为同样的事情也发生在人类身上。

But how does stress improve memory? It's simple.

但是压力如何提高记忆力呢？这很简单。

When your brain cells multiply, your memory can improve.

当你的脑细胞增殖时，你的记忆力就会提高。

Viewed from a biological perspective, this makes sense, because animals that are better at remembering dangerous situations can avoid them in the future.

从生物学的角度来看，这是有道理的，因为更善于记住危险情况的动物将来可以避免危险。

If an animal encounters a predator and escapes, for example, it's important to remember where and when that encounter happened.

例如，如果一只动物遇到捕食者并逃跑了，记住这一遭遇发生的地点和时间很重要。

Experts assert that the same principle applies to humans.

专家们断言，同样的原则也适用于人类。

Now, let's turn to how stress benefits the body.

现在，让我们来谈谈压力对身体的好处。

This may come as a surprise to laymen.

这可能会让外行人感到惊讶。

But experts say that stress can keep you from getting sick.

但专家们表示，压力可以防止你生病。

Scientists concede that chronic stress can make you more prone to illness.

科学家承认，长期压力会使你更容易生病。

But research shows that short periods of stress can actually provide some protection against getting sick, because it increases your immune functioning.

但研究表明，短时间的压力实际上可以提供一些预防生病的保护，因为它可以提高你的免疫功能。

One study shows that rats that experienced brief stress had a surge of immune cell response, which makes the immune system better prepared to fight illness.

一项研究表明，经历短暂压力的大鼠免疫细胞反应激增，这使免疫系统更好地准备对抗疾病。

For humans, there's even evidence that experiencing stress before getting vaccinated could help make vaccines more effective.

对人类来说，甚至有证据表明，在接种疫苗之前经历压力有助于提高疫苗的效力。

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题9至11基于你刚才听到的短文。

9. What did researchers discover about rats placed briefly in a stressful situation?

9.研究人员对短暂处于压力状态的老鼠发现了什么？

10. Why do people tend to have clear memories of dangerous situations they have encountered?

10.为什么人们对所遇到的危险情况往往有清晰的记忆？

11. What do scientists believe chronic stress can do?

11.科学家认为慢性压力能做什么？

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