2023年6月英语六级听力真题 卷二 录音3

Recording 3

录音 3

Modern humans arose in Africa about 200,000 years ago. They then spread across Europe and Asia sometime after 60,000 years ago.

大约20万年前，现代人类出现在非洲。然后在六万年前的某个时候，它们传播到了欧洲和亚洲。

This is the "Out of Africa" model, as it's commonly known. In the 1990s,the hypothesis found widespread acceptance.

这就是众所周知的“走出非洲”模式。在20世纪90年代，这一假说被广泛接受。

But this popular idea is in need of revision, particularly given the number of important findings across Asia over the past few decades.

但这一流行的想法需要修订，特别是考虑到过去几十年亚洲各地的重要发现数量。

For instance, many new human fossils found, particularly in China, are now dated as older than 60,000 years.

例如，许多新发现的人类化石，特别是中国的化石，现在已经有了六万年的历史。

This calls into question the idea that modern humans migrated out of Africa only 60,000 years ago.

这让人对现代人在六万年前才从非洲移民的观点产生了疑问。

Take the recent discovery of two modern human teeth found in the Luna cave in China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

以最近在中国的广西壮族自治区露娜洞中发现的两颗现代人类牙齿为例。

When my research team and I dated these teeth, we found they were more than 70,000 years old — a situation clearly impossible if modern humans moved out of Africa only 60,000 years ago.

当我和我的研究团队约会这些牙齿时，我们发现它们已经有7万多岁了--如果现代人在六万年前离开非洲，这种情况显然是不可能的。

So with such findings, what happened exactly? Where does the most current data suggest we came from?

那么，有了这样的发现，到底发生了什么？最新的数据显示我们来自哪里？

The first question we should ask is why did modern humans leave Africa to begin with?

我们应该问的第一个问题是，为什么现代人一开始就离开非洲？

If a population is perfectly adapted to a particular environment and has access to an abundance of resources,

如果一个群体完全适应了特定的环境，并且能够获得丰富的资源，

then there really is no reason to move or change.

那么就真的没有理由迁移或改变。

For instance, some monkeys in Africa have a set of teeth that has hardly changed over the course of millions of years,

例如，非洲的一些猴子的牙齿在数百万年里几乎没有改变，

indicating that they found a place that has worked for them.

这表明他们找到了一个为他们工作的地方。

So what happened with humans?

那么人类发生了什么？

Some researchers have suggested that population density increased to the point where smaller human groups were forced to explore new lands.

一些研究人员认为，人口密度增加到了迫使较小的人类群体去探索新土地的程度。

Other researchers have suggested that due to major environmental events in East Africa, humans were prompted to find greener pastures.

其他研究人员认为，由于东非的重大环境事件，人类被迫寻找更绿色的牧场

Yet another explanation could simply be that early modern human hunters were following the large animals that they relied on,

另一种解释可能只是早期的现代人类猎人在跟踪他们所依赖的大型动物，

and so they moved out of Africa without realizing that they were actually moving from one continent to another.

所以他们离开了非洲，却没有意识到他们实际上是在从一个大陆迁移到另一个大陆。

Humans need daily access to reliable fresh water, which appears to be absent from many coastal areas.

人类每天都需要获得可靠的淡水，而在许多沿海地区，淡水似乎并不存在。

This brings us to another question: by which route did modern humans move out of Africa?

这就引出了另一个问题：现代人是从哪条路线离开非洲的？

No clear routes across the Mediterranean from North Africa appear to be present,

从北非穿过地中海似乎没有明确的路线，

so the earlier dispersals out of Africa and into Europe and Asia might have been across the Arabian Peninsula.

因此早先从非洲向欧洲和亚洲的分散可能是在阿拉伯半岛

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.

问题22至25是基于你刚才听到的录音。

22. What do we learn about modern humans according to the hypothesis commonly accepted in the 1990s?

22.根据上世纪90年代普遍接受的假设，我们对现代人有什么了解？

23. What has called into question the "Out of Africa" model?

23.是什么让“走出非洲”模式受到质疑？

24. What does the speaker want to show with the example of some monkeys in Africa?

24.发言者想通过非洲一些猴子的例子来展示什么？

25. What question does the speaker raise close to the end of the talk?

25.在演讲接近尾声时，演讲者提出了什么问题？

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