人教版英语选修第二册 unit 5 Reading and Thinking

FIRST AID FOR BURNS

烧伤急救处理

The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ.

皮肤是人体必不可少的一部分，也是人体最大的器官。

Your skin acts as a barrier against disease, toxins, and the sun’s rays.

皮肤是一道屏障，能阻挡疾病、毒素和太阳光线的侵入。

It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch.

皮肤还有助于控制体温，防止身体流失过多的水分，在外物过热或过冷时发出警告，并使你拥有触觉。

As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.

可想而知，烧伤会造成严重后果。

The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.

在处理烧伤时，第一步也是最重要的一步就是采取急救措施。

CAUSES OF BURNS

烧伤的原因

You can get burnt by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation, the sun, electricity, acids, or other chemicals.

很多东西都会造成烧伤：灼热的液体、蒸汽、明火、辐射、太阳光、电流、酸性物质或其他化学品。

TYPES OF BURNS

烧伤的种类

Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage.

根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤分为三类。

First-degree burns. These affect only the top few millimetres of skin.

一度烧伤：仅伤及最上层几毫米的皮肤。

These burns are not serious.

此类烧伤并不严重。

Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents.

如轻度的晒伤和其他轻微家庭事故造成的烧伤。

Second-degree burns. These go below the top layer of the skin.

二度烧伤：伤及最上层皮肤以下的部位。

They are serious and take a few weeks to get better.

此类烧伤较为严重，需要数周时间才能康复。

Examples include burns caused by hot liquids.

如灼热的液体造成的烧伤。

Third-degree burns. These affect every layer of the skin, and sometimes the tissue under it.

三度烧伤：伤及每一层皮肤，有时甚至伤及皮下组织。

Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or petrol fires.

如因电击灼伤、衣服着火造成的烧伤，或汽油起火造成的烧伤。

These burns cause very severe internal injuries and the victim must go to the hospital at once.

此类烧伤会引起非常严重的内部损伤，伤者必须立即送往医院。

CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNS

烧伤的特点

First-degree burns

一度烧伤

dry, red, and mildly swollen

干燥、发红、轻微肿胀

mildly painful

轻微疼痛

turn white when pressed

按压时泛白

Second-degree burns

二度烧伤

red and swollen; blisters; watery surface

红肿、起水泡、创面湿润

extremely painful

剧痛

Third-degree burns

三度烧伤

black and white

创面黑白相间

swollen; the tissue underneath can often be seen

肿胀，常可见皮下组织

little or no pain if nerves are damaged; may be painful around the edges of the burn

若神经受损，痛感微弱或无痛；烧伤边缘可能有疼痛感

FIRST-AID TREATMENT

急救处理

1 Place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes.

1. 将烧伤部位放在流动的冷水下冲洗，尤其在前十分钟。

The cool water stops the burning process and reduces the pain and swelling.

冷水冲洗可阻止烧伤进程，缓解疼痛和肿胀。

2 Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth.

2. 用干净的布轻轻吸干烧伤部位的水分。

3 Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.

3. 如有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。

4 Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth.

4. 用干净透气的布盖住烧伤部位。

Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.

在受伤处涂抹油膏不可取，因为这会阻碍伤口散热，而且可能引发感染。

5 If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still breathe.

5. 如果烧伤部位在脸上，应确保伤者仍可呼吸。

6 If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.

6. 如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤，必须立刻送往医院。

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