BBC 英语学习 News Review 你的血液里有塑料吗

Plastic has been found in human blood for the 1st time.

This is news review from BBC Learning English.

I'm Neil, and joining me for this program is Roy.

Hello Roy. Hello Neil and

hello everybody. If you would like to test yourself on the vocabulary around this story, all you need to do is head to our website,

bbc learning english dot com, to take a quiz.

But now, let me tell you more about this news story.

So a study found plastic particles in blood samples in 80% of people tested.

This study was 1st published in the journal Environment International.

These findings suggest that plastic particles might have the ability to move round the human body and enter organs.

The effects of micro plastics in the body aren't known, but researchers say that the new results are concerning, and that micro plastics could damage human cells.

Okay, you ve been looking around the various news websites at this story, you ve picked out some really interesting vocabulary from headlines.

What have you got? We have filtered out key risks and adverse effects.

Filtered out key risks and adverse effects.

So let's start with your 1st headline, then please Roy.

OK, so our 1st headline comes from Fortune, and it reads, tiny particles of plastic have been detected in human blood for the very 1st time.

They can't be filtered out. Filtered out, removed completely.

OK? So this is a frasal verb.

1st word is filtered F-I-L-T-E-R-E-D. 2nd word out, O-U-T.

Now, this is a separable phraseover which means it can filter something out, or you can filter out something.

and it basically means to remove something completely, or to purify.

Yeah, so the key here is the word filter that we can see in filtered And a filter as an object is something which prevents bad stuff going one way, and therefore you're only left with good stuff.

Yeah, uh. So the idea, E.G., a good idea of this, is a water filter.

So when you're drinking water, you may be put water through a filter to remove or filter out impurities, filter out, as a Frasal verb, the out part the outer.

The 2nd word implies remove everything.

So, e.g., when I'm editing a video, I try to filter out all the noise, the background noise, and just leave the voices of the presenters.

So filter out background noise in a video edit.

Okay, that's interesting, roy. So we're not just talking about fluids, like in the example, blood, or, as you just said, water.

We can filter other things too, absolutely.

So, um, let's talk about people.

If you're doing a survey, maybe you want to only look at certain groups of people, so we filter out people, ah, from the survey, unwanted groups of people, if you like.

Okay, anything else we need to say about this?

Well, we talked earlier about the word filter.

Now the word filter has other meanings.

You can filter commune to remove impurities, or, e.g., if you're doing some work on spreadsheets and you want to refine the results, you could filter the results.

Another way that we can use filter is that people, sometimes, when they leave a building, they may leave in A-A, sort of small line, a thin line, and we say they are filtering out of the building, again, quite commonly, with the preposition out.

And one final way, if news doesn't come out all at once, maybe a breaking story comes out in pieces, we can say that the news is filtering, or filtering out, commonly used with the preposition out.

That's right, yes, cause a filter slows down the progress of something, doesn't it, in order to make to make it pure?

Absolutely. OK, let's get a summary.

Talking of filtering things, we have a story about pollution.

What can our viewers do to watch that?

Roy? All you need to do is click the link in the description below.

OK, let's have a look at your next headline, please.

OK, so our next headline comes from The Express, and it reads extremely concerning.

Nearly 80% of people's blood may contain microplastics.

Key risks. Key risks, most significant, potential dangers.

OK? So key risks is a two word

expression. The 1st word is key, K-E-Y,

the 2nd word is risks, R-I-S-K-S, and it means the most

significant or most significant

potential dangers. Yeah. Okay, so Roy, I know what a key is.

A key is the little metal thing I use to open my front door.

Is there a connection between this meaning and that meaning?

Well, yeah, when we talk about interesting data, when we talk about keys, it's a very important thing, right?

Because it opens the door. Without a key, you're not getting in your house.

So when we use the word key in this sense, we're talking about something that is very significant, the most significant thing.

UM So we're talking about the most significant risks, the key risks.

UM. We also use the word key to talk about something very important.

Yeah. We talk about key points, don't we?

Yeah. So if you're making a speech, maybe you have a few key points that you want to talk about.

Other ways that we use key you can talk about a key moment, maybe in your life or in your day, something really important.

Or you could talk about a key role in the workplace, somebody who is very important.

Yeah? You can also simply say that something or someone is key, yes, or the key to something, it is key to something.

OK? So risks, risks are potential dangers.

Yes, that's right. So when you go climbing, E.G., there is a risk of falling, a danger of falling, especially if you don't use, uh, the correct equipment when you're climbing.

Or in sort of lighter terms than that, you could sort of say that talking about the weather, you could say there is a risk of rain.

It might rain today. Now, in both of those cases, both falling and rain, it is a negative thing that we don't want to happen, and it is in danger, potentially, of happening.

That's right, OK let's get a summary.

Okay? We will be talking about effects in our next headline.

And that is a word which is often confused with another word affect.

And we've got a program explaining the difference, haven't we?

Right? Yes, we do. All we need to do to watch that is click the link in the description below right your next headline, please.

OK, so our next headline is about how potentially plastics may enter the bloodstream.

And it is from News Medical.

And it reads, adverse health effects of micro and nano plastic particles in food.

Adverse effects, negative and harmful consequences.

OK? So this is a two word expression.

1st word adverse, it is A-D-V-E-R-S-E.

2nd word effects E, double F-E-C-T-S.

And basically what it means is a negative, unwanted or potentially harmful consequences or results.

OK? So this word adverse, tell me about that is so adjective, right?

Yeah. So we talk quite commonly about things like adverse effects of too much television, or maybe too much social media.

Now, adverse can be used in a number of ways, and it means very bad or negative.

So you're talking about the negative damaging effects of social media in terms of whether you could talk about adverse weather conditions when they are maybe unexpected and potentially dangerous weather conditions, or maybe you're in an adverse situation.

Now, it's mainly used for quite serious situations which involve danger.

I wouldn't really use this word in sort of everyday use.

I wouldn't say, oh, I had an adverse conversation yesterday.

It's more for something really serious and potentially dangerous.

Yeah, a situation in which there is adversity.

And adversity is the noun form of that word adverse, yes?

And you mentioned nouns there. So also the word effect and effect, as we mentioned with the English in a minute.

We talk about that effect with an A-A double, F-E-C-T is the verb, and effect is EWF, E-C-T, and it is the noun.

Now, you can have, you can affect somebody as a verb, or you can have an effect on somebody.

Now, important to notice that these two words are both neutral.

You can have a positive or negative effect.

It is the adjective before that changes the meaning.

OK, let's get a summary right

time now for a recap of our vocabulary, please Roy.

We had filtered out its removed completely.

We had adverse effects, negative and harmful of courses,

and we had key risks, most significant, potential dangerous.

If you want to test yourself on the vocabulary, there's a quiz on our website at bbc learningenglish dot com.

Go there and take the test.

Thanks for joining us, and see you again soon.

Bye.

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