BBC 6分钟英语学习 气候变化会导致更多疾病吗？

6 min

English from BBC learning english dot com.

Hello. This is Minute English from BBC Learning English.

I'm Beth, and I'm Neil here.

At Six Minute English, we discussed animals adapting

their behavior in response to climate change in earlier programs, but we didn't focus on one species in detail.

So in this program, we'll take a look at an especially unwelcome insect, the mosquito.

Every year, mosquito born diseases kill around three quarters of a million globally, with most deaths occurring in children under five.

With warming temperatures, mosquitoes are now spreading to new areas, including Europe.

We'll hear about dengue fever, one of the diseases they bring, and as usual, we'll learn some useful new vocabulary as well.

But 1st, I have a question for you, neil, dengue isn't the only sickness mosquito spread.

So which of the following is also a mosquito born disease?

Is it a ebola, B, cholera or C malaria?

I think the answer is C malaria.

OK, neil, we'll find out later in the programme.

One country that the forefront of the problem is Indonesia, which in recent years has seen a surge in dangy related deaths.

Here's Doctor Julie Irianei, a pediatrician in the Indonesian capitals Jakarta, speaking with BBC World Service program the climate question.

Fever and muscle eggs are common symptoms for a viral infection, but if they are accompanied by other symptoms, for an example, red spots on the skin, or maybe there is a fever that lasts for three days, we can suspect that it's dengue fever.

Day five to seven is the critical window for a dengue fever patient.

Sometimes paren'ts don't know about this critical window, and when they bring the child to the hospital, it's difficult for us to help.

Doctor Iriani describes the symptoms of dengue, the signs that indicate the presence of a disease in your body.

These include fever, when your body temperature is higher than normal and your heartbeats very fast.

Dengue is not fatal if you receive treatment quickly.

There is a critical window between days five and seven of the infection when a patient needs treatment to survive.

A critical window refers to a limited period of time during which action must be taken to achieve a certain results.

Dengue cases in Indonesia have now grown over 150000, and many blamed climate change.

Periods of drought, when little rainfalls force people to collect drinking water and buckets, giving mosquitoes places to breed.

According to Professor Manicha Kulkani, an epidemiologist from the University of Ottawa, higher temperatures also mean higher rates of replication, something she explains to Paul Connally, presenter of BBC World Services, the climate question.

The higher the temperature, the quicker that the mosquito can actually replicate that virus within its body and then be able to transmit it back to another host when it bites.

Militia. Also talked about the link between poverty and dengue, which is an important part of this jigsaw, isn't it?

Because as more and more people move to cities and live in cramped conditions with poor sanitation, then more and more people are exposed to dengue.

So there's something of a domino effect here.

Dengue spreads when an infected mosquito bites a host, an animal that another animal lives on or uses for food.

And Professor Kulcarney is concerned about poverty as much as climate change.

She calls it an important part of the jigsaw, an idiom meaning a part of a complicated situation that helps you understand it.

Poverty forces many Indonesians to move into crowded cities with poor sanitation.

These provide the perfect breeding ground for mosquitoes, creating a domino effect, a situation in which something bad happens causing further negative consequences.

The domino effect means that dengue is spreading, not just in Asia, but in parts of the world which didn't have it before, including France, spain and Italy.

But the news isn't all bad.

Fortunately. Technology is getting better at slowing the spread, including early warning systems that can predict dengue outbreaks months and the ongoing work to produce a vaccine, all of which hopefully mean an end to dengue and similar diseases.

Speaking of which, beth, what was the answer to your question?

I asked you to name another mosquito borne disease besides dengue, and I said malaria, which was the correct answer.

Dengue, malaria and yellow fever are all

diseases spread by mosquitoes. Right? Let's recap the vocabulary we've learned from this program, starting with symptom, a sign of the presence of a disease in your body.

A fever is a medical condition which increases your body temperature and heartbeat.

A critical window is a limited period of time during which action must be taken to achieve the desired outcome.

The word host has several meanings, but in biology, it's a plant or animal that another plant or animal lives on as a parasite or uses for food.

The idiom part of the jigsaw or part of the puzzle, means a part of a complicated situation that helps you to understand it.

And finally, one negative event causing another, which in turn causes another can be called a domino effect.

Once again, our 6 min are up.

Goodbye. Bye. 6 min English from the BBC.

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