2013年英语专八真题听力 演讲

What Do Active Learners Do?

主动学习者做什么？

Good morning, today I will discuss what is active learning, and, ah, what do active learners do.

早上好，今天我将讨论什么是主动学习，以及，啊，主动学习者做什么。

In order to define active learning, I will look at the differences between active learning and passive learning by examining six characteristics of active learners and contrasting them with those of passive learners.

为了给主动学习下一个定义，我将通过考察主动学习者的六个特征，并与被动学习者的特征进行对比，来看看主动学习和被动学习的区别。

OK. let's start. With the first characteristic, active learners tend to read with the purpose of under standing and remembering.

好吧开始吧。对于第一个特点，主动学习者倾向于以理解和记忆为目的进行阅读。

I bet that no one deliberately sits down to read with the purpose of not under standing the text.

我敢打赌，没有人故意坐下来阅读的目的是不理解文本。

However, I am sure that some of you have been in a situation, probably more than once where you read - quote and unquote - an assignment, closed the text and thought “what the world was that about?”

然而，我相信你们中的一些人可能不止一次遇到过这样的情况：你读到一篇作业，合上课本，心想“这到底是怎么回事？”

When you interact with a text in this manner, you are reading passively.

当你以这种方式与文本交互时，你是在被动地阅读。

Active readers, on the other hand, set goals before they read and check their understanding as they read.

另一方面，积极的阅读者会在阅读之前设定目标，并在阅读的过程中检查自己的理解。

When they finish they can explain the main points, and know that they have understood what they have read.

当他们完成时，他们可以解释主要观点，并且知道他们已经理解了他们所读的内容。

Now, the second characteristic of active learners is to reflect on information and think critically.

现在，主动学习者的第二个特点是对信息进行反思和批判性思考。

Being reflective is an important part of active learning because it means that you are thinking about the in formation.

反思是主动学习的一个重要部分，因为它意味着你在思考信息。

In other words, you are processing the information.

换句话说，你在处理信息。

For instance you may make connections between the new information and what you already know identify concepts that you may not understand very well or evaluate the importance of what you are reading.

例如，你可以把新信息和你已经知道的东西联系起来，识别你可能不是很理解的概念，或者评估你所读的东西的重要性。

An active learner reflects constantly in this way.

一个积极的学习者会不断地以这种方式进行反思。

In contrast, passive learners may read the text and listen to lectures and even understand most of what is read and heard, but they do not take that crucial next step of actually thinking about it.

相比之下，被动学习者可能会阅读文章，听讲座，甚至理解大部分的内容，但他们不会采取实际思考的关键步骤。

Let's move onto the third one. The third characteristic is to listen actively by taking comprehensive notes in an organized way, like what you should be doing now.

我们来看第三个。第三个特点是通过有条理地做全面的笔记来积极倾听，就像你现在应该做的事情一样。

We lecturers are always amazed at the number of students who engage in activities other than listening and note-taking in their lecture classes.

我们讲师总是惊讶于有那么多学生在课堂上除了听讲和记笔记之外还从事其他活动。

We've seen students reading newspapers, doing an assignment for another class, or chatting with their classmates.

我们看到学生们读报纸，做另一门课的作业，或者和同学聊天。

Perhaps the all-time winner for passive learning, however, was a student who regularly came to my class with a pillow and fell asleep.

然而，也许被动学习的所有赢家都是一个经常带着枕头来我的课堂然后睡着的学生。

Unlike these students, active learners are engaged learners.

与这些学生不同，主动学习者是参与型学习者。

They listen actively to the professor for the entire class period, and they write down as much information as possible.

他们整节课都积极地听教授讲课，并尽可能多地记下信息。

To be an active note taker, you must be more than simply present. You have to think about the information before you write.

要成为一个积极的记录者，你必须不仅仅是在当下。写之前，你要想清楚这些信息。

The fourth characteristic is to get assistance when they are experiencing problems.

第四个特点是当他们遇到问题时会得到帮助。

Because active learners are constantly monitoring their understanding, they know when their comprehension breaks down, and they ask for help before they become lost.

因为积极的学习者会不断监控自己的理解力，他们知道自己的理解力何时会崩溃，并在迷失之前寻求帮助。

In addition, active learners often predict the courses, or even particular concepts within courses that may give them trouble.

此外，主动学习者经常预测课程，甚至是课程中可能给他们带来麻烦的特定概念。

They have a plan in mind for getting assistance should they need it.

他们心中有一个计划，如果他们需要援助。

Active learners may seek assistance from their professors or peers, although passive learners may seek help at some point, it is often too little, too late.

主动的学习者可能会向他们的教授或同伴寻求帮助，虽然被动的学习者可能会在某些时候寻求帮助，但往往是太少，太晚了。

In addition, because passive learners do not reflect and think critically, they often don’t even realize that they need help.

此外，因为被动学习者不会反思和批判性地思考，他们往往甚至没有意识到他们需要帮助。

The next characteristic is to question information.

下一个特点是质疑信息。

This means that active learners raise questions on information that they read and hear, while passive learners accept both the printed page and the words of their professors as truth.

这意味着主动的学习者会对他们所读到和听到的信息提出问题，而被动的学习者则把印刷品和教授的话都当作真理。

Of course, active learners don't question everything, but they do evaluate what they read and hear.

当然，积极的学习者不会质疑一切，但他们会评估他们所读到的和听到的。

When new information fails to fit in with what they already know, they may differ in the conclusions they draw or in the inferences they make.

当新信息与他们已经知道的内容不符时，他们得出的结论或推论可能会有所不同。

The last characteristic, which I think is the most fundamental one, is to accept much of the responsibility for learning.

最后一个特征，我认为也是最基本的特征，是承担大部分学习责任。

Active learners understand that the responsibility for learning must come from within, while passive learners often want to blame others for their lack of motivation poor performance, time management problems and other difficulties that they might experience.

主动学习者明白学习的责任必须来自内部，而被动学习者往往希望将他们缺乏动力、表现不佳、时间管理问题和其他可能遇到的困难归咎于他人。

When active learners don't perform as well as they've hoped, they evaluate why they didn't do well and change those studying behaviors the next time.

当主动学习者的表现不如他们希望的那样好时，他们会评估他们为什么做得不好，并在下一次改变这些学习行为。

Passive learners, on the other hand, often approach every course in the same manner and then get angry with professors when their performance is poor.

另一方面，被动学习者通常以相同的方式对待每门课程，然后在教授表现不佳时对他们生气。

It is only when students accept the responsibility for their own learning that they can truly be called active learners.

只有当学生承担起对自己学习的责任时，他们才能真正被称为主动学习者。

So, from what I have said so far, you can see that being an active learner involves both skill and will.

所以，从我到目前为止所说的话中，你可以看到，成为一个积极的学习者既涉及技巧，也涉及意志。

By skill, I mean the tools to handle the studying and learning demands placed on you like how to read with purpose, when and where to get assistance if you are having difficulty.

我所说的技能是指处理对您提出的学习和学习要求的工具，例如如何有目的地阅读，如果您遇到困难，何时何地获得帮助。

By will, I mean the desire and motivation to follow through.

我所说的意志，是指坚持到底的愿望和动力。

Here I’d like to emphasize that skill is nothing without will.

在这里，我想强调的是，没有意志，技能就什么都不是。

For example you may have a friend who is knowledgeable, but not motivated in the classroom, even though he reads widely and can intelligently discuss a variety of issues, he does little school work and rarely studies.

例如，你可能有一个知识渊博的朋友，但在课堂上没有动力，尽管他广泛阅读，可以聪明地讨论各种问题，但他很少做功课，也很少学习。

In other words, students, such as these, may have the skills to do well, but for some reason, they simply do not have the will.

换句话说，像这样的学生可能有能力做好，但由于某种原因，他们根本没有意愿。

And because skill and will go hand in hand, unmotivated students, those who do not have the will, may experience difficulty in college.

而且由于技能和将齐头并进，没有动力的学生，那些没有意愿的学生，可能会在大学里遇到困难。

OK, today we discuss the differences between an active learner and a passive one, and some useful study strategies that may eventually help you become an active learner.

好的，今天我们讨论主动学习者和被动学习者之间的区别，以及一些有用的学习策略，这些策略最终可能会帮助您成为主动学习者

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